teaching styles and strategies

Pagtuturo estratehiya
Institutions of higher learning across the nation are responding to political, economic, social and technological pressures to be more responsive to students' needs and more concerned about how well students are prepared to assume future societal roles. Mga institusyon ng mas mataas na pag-aaral sa buong bansa ay sa pagtugon sa mga pampulitika, pang-ekonomiya, panlipunan at teknolohiko pressures upang maging mas tumutugon sa mga mag-aaral 'pangangailangan at mas nag-aalala tungkol sa kung gaano kahusay ang mga mag-aaral ay handa na ipagpalagay na hinaharap societal ginagampanan. Faculty are already feeling the pressure to lecture less, to make learning environments more interactive, to integrate technology into the learning experience, and to use collaborative learning strategies when appropriate. Faculty mga naka pakiramdam ang presyon sa panayam mas mababa, na gumawa ng pag-aaral na kapaligiran mas interactive, upang magbuo ng teknolohiya sa pag-aaral na karanasan, at gamitin Tulungang pag-aaral estratehiya kapag naaangkop.
Some of the more prominent strategies are outlined below. Ang ilan sa mga mas kilalang mga estratehiya ay nakabalangkas sa ibaba. For more information about the use of these and other pedagogical approaches, contact the Program in Support of Teaching and Learning. Para sa karagdagang impormasyon tungkol sa paggamit ng mga ito at iba pang mga pamamaraang paturo, kontakin ang Program sa Suporta ng Pagtuturo at Learning.
Lecture. For many years, the lecture method was the most widely used instructional strategy in college classrooms. Panayam. Para sa maraming taon, ng panayam paraan ay ang pinaka malawak na ginagamit sa pagtuturo diskarte sa classrooms sa kolehiyo. Nearly 80% of all US college classrooms in the late 1970s reported using some form of the lecture method to teach students (Cashin, 1990). Halos 80% ng lahat ng kolehiyo US classrooms sa huli 1970s iniulat ng paggamit ng ilang form ng mga panayam paraan upang magturo sa mga mag-aaral (Cashin, 1990). Although the usefulness of other teaching strategies is being widely examined today, the lecture still remains an important way to communicate information. Kahit na ang mga kapakinabangan ng iba pang mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo ay ang pagiging malawak na napagmasdan ngayon, panayam nananatili pa rin isang mahalagang paraan upang makipag impormasyon.
Used in conjunction with active learning teaching strategies, the traditional lecture can be an effective way to achieve instructional goals. Gamitin kasabay ng aktibong pag-aaral estratehiya sa pagtuturo, ang mga tradisyunal na panayam ay maaaring maging isang epektibong paraan upang makamit ang mga layunin sa pagtuturo. The advantages of the lecture approach are that it provides a way to communicate a large amount of information to many listeners, maximizes instructor control and is non-threatening to students. Ang mga pakinabang ng mga diskarte panayam ay na ito ay nagbibigay ng isang paraan upang makipag-usap sa isang malaking halaga ng impormasyon na maraming mga tagapakinig, magpapakinabang instructor control at ay non-pagbabanta sa mga mag-aaral. The disadvantages are that lecturing minimizes feedback from students, assumes an unrealistic level of student understanding and comprehension, and often disengages students from the learning process causing information to be quickly forgotten. Ang mga disadvantages ay na lecturing minimizes feedback mula sa mga mag-aaral, Ipinapalagay ng isang unrealistic na antas ng mag-aaral-unawa at intindi, at madalas disengages mga mag-aaral mula sa pag-aaral na proseso na nagiging sanhi ng impormasyon upang mabilis na nakalimutan.
The following recommendations can help make the lecture approach more effective (Cashin, 1990): Ang mga sumusunod na mga rekomendasyon ay maaaring makatulong sa gumawa ng panayam diskarte mas epektibo (Cashin, 1990):
1. 1. Fit the lecture to the audience Pagkasyahin ang mga panayam sa mga mambabasa
2. 2. Focus your topic - remember you cannot cover everything in one lecture Tumutok sa iyong topic - tandaan ikaw ay hindi maaaring masakop ang lahat ng bagay sa isang panayam
3. 3. Prepare an outline that includes 5-9 major points you want to cover in one lecture Maghanda ng isang outline na kasama ang 5-9 mga pangunahing puntos na nais mong cover sa isang panayam
4. 4. Organize your points for clarity Ayusin ang iyong mga puntos para sa kaliwanagan
5. 5. Select appropriate examples or illustrations Piliin ang naaangkop na mga halimbawa o guhit
6. 6. Present more than one side of an issue and be sensitive to other perspectives Present higit sa isang bahagi ng isang isyu at maging sensitibo sa iba pang mga perspectives
7. 7. Repeat points when necessary Ulitin ang mga puntos na kapag kinakailangan
8. 8. Be aware of your audience - notice their feedback Magkaroon ng kamalayan ng iyong madla - na paunawa ng kanilang mga puna
9. 9. Be enthusiastic - you don't have to be an entertainer but you should be excited by your topic. Maging masigasig - hindi mo kailangang maging entertainer ngunit ikaw ay dapat na nagaganyak ng iyong paksa. (from Cashin, 1990, pp. 60-61) (Mula sa Cashin, 1990, pp 60-61)
Case Method. Providing an opportunity for students to apply what they learn in the classroom to real-life experiences has proven to be an effective way of both disseminating and integrating knowledge. Kaso Paraan. Ang pagbibigay ng pagkakataon para sa mga mag-aaral na mag-aplay kung ano ang matutunan nila sa silid-aralan sa real-buhay na karanasan ay napatunayan na maging isang epektibong paraan ng pagpapakalat ng parehong at pagsasama ng kaalaman. The case method is an instructional strategy that engages students in active discussion about issues and problems inherent in practical application. Ang mga kaso na paraan ay isang edukasyonal diskarte na engages mga mag-aaral sa aktibong diskusyon tungkol sa mga isyu at mga problema sa likas sa mga praktikal na application. It can highlight fundamental dilemmas or critical issues and provide a format for role playing ambiguous or controversial scenarios. Maaari itong i-highlight ang pangunahing dilemmas o kritikal na mga isyu at magbigay ng isang format para sa papel na ginagampanan ng paglalaro o hindi siguradong kontrobersyal na pangyayari.
Course content cases can come from a variety of sources. Kurso kaso nilalaman ay maaaring nanggaling mula sa isang iba't ibang mga mapagkukunan. Many faculty have transformed current events or problems reported through print or broadcast media into critical learning experiences that illuminate the complexity of finding solutions to critical social problems. Maraming mga guro ay may transformed mga kasalukuyang kaganapan o mga problema iniulat sa pamamagitan ng print o broadcast media sa kritikal na pag-aaral ng mga karanasan na maipaliwanag ang kumplikado ng paghahanap ng mga solusyon sa kritikal na sosyal na mga problema. The case study approach works well in cooperative learning or role playing environments to stimulate critical thinking and awareness of multiple perspectives. Ang kaso pag-aaral diskarte ay gumagana ng mabuti sa kooperatiba aaral o papel na ginagampanan ng paglalaro kapaligiran upang pasiglahin kritikal iisip at kamalayan ng maramihang mga perspectives.
Discussion. There are a variety of ways to stimulate discussion. Discussion. Mayroong isang iba't ibang mga paraan upang pasiglahin diskusyon. For example, some faculty begin a lesson with a whole group discussion to refresh students' memories about the assigned reading(s). Halimbawa, ang ilang mga faculty magsimula ng isang aral sa isang buong grupo ng talakayan upang i-refresh mga mag-aaral 'alaala tungkol sa mga itinalaga sa pagbabasa (s). Other faculty find it helpful to have students list critical points or emerging issues, or generate a set of questions stemming from the assigned reading(s). Iba pang mga guro na mahanap ito helpful na magkaroon ng mga mag-aaral listahan kritikal na mga puntos o umuusbong na mga isyu, o bumuo ng isang set ng mga katanungan mula sa stemming ang assigned sa pagbabasa (s). These strategies can also be used to help focus large and small group discussions. Ang mga estratehiya ay maaari ding gamitin upang makatulong sa focus malaki at maliit na talakayan ng grupo.
Obviously, a successful class discussion involves planning on the part of the instructor and preparation on the part of the students. Malinaw, ang isang matagumpay na discussion class nagsasangkot ng pagpaplano sa bahagi ng mga instructor at paghahanda sa bahagi ng mga estudyante. Instructors should communicate this commitment to the students on the first day of class by clearly articulating course expectations. Instructors ay dapat makipag-usap ito pangako na ang mga estudyante sa unang araw ng klase sa pamamagitan ng malinaw na mga inaasahan articulating kurso. Just as the instructor carefully plans the learning experience, the students must comprehend the assigned reading and show up for class on time, ready to learn. Lamang bilang instructor sa maingat na plano sa pag-aaral na karanasan, ang mga mag-aaral ay dapat maunawaan ang assigned sa pagbabasa at ipakita up para sa klase ng nasa oras, handang matuto.
Active Learning. Meyers and Jones (1993) define active learning as learning environments that allow “students to talk and listen, read, write, and reflect as they approach course content through problem-solving exercises, informal small groups, simulations, case studies, role playing, and other activities -- all of which require students to apply what they are learning” (p. xi). Aktibong Learning. Meyers at Jones (1993) define aktibong pag-aaral bilang pag-aaral na kapaligiran na magpapahintulot sa "mag-aaral upang makipag-usap at makinig, magbasa, magsulat, at sumasalamin sa bilang diskarte nila kurso na nilalaman sa pamamagitan ng problema-tuos magsanay, impormal na mga maliliit na grupo, simulations, aaral sa kaso, papel na ginagampanan ng paglalaro, at iba pang gawain - ang lahat ng na nangangailangan ng mga mag-aaral na mag-aplay kung ano ang kanilang pag-aaral "(p. XI). Many studies show that learning is enhanced when students become actively involved in the learning process. Maraming mga pag-aaral ipakita na pag-aaral ay pinahusay na kapag ang mga mag-aaral ay maging aktibo sa pag-aaral ang proseso. Instructional strategies that engage students in the learning process stimulate critical thinking and a greater awareness of other perspectives. Edukasyonal estratehiya na umaakit sa mga mag-aaral sa pag-aaral ng proseso pasiglahin kritikal iisip at isang mas higit na kamalayan ng iba pang mga perspectives. Although there are times when lecturing is the most appropriate method for disseminating information, current thinking in college teaching and learning suggests that the use of a variety of instructional strategies can positively enhance student learning. Kahit na may mga beses kapag ang lecturing ay ang pinaka-angkop na pamamaraan para sa pagpapakalat ng impormasyon, mga kasalukuyang iisip na sa kolehiyo pagtuturo at pag-aaral ay nagmumungkahi na ang paggamit ng isang iba't ibang mga edukasyonal estratehiya ay maaaring positibo mapahusay ang mag-aaral. Obviously, teaching strategies should be carefully matched to the teaching objectives of a particular lesson. Malinaw, ang pagtuturo estratehiya ay dapat na maingat na itinutugma sa mga layunin ng pagtuturo ng isang partikular na aralin. For more information about teaching strategies, see the list of college teaching references in Appendix N. Para sa karagdagang impormasyon tungkol sa mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo, tingnan ang listahan ng mga sanggunian sa kolehiyo pagtuturo sa Appendix N.
Assessing or grading students' contributions in active learning environments is somewhat problematic. Pagtatasa o grading mga mag-aaral 'ng mga kontribusyon sa aktibong pag-aaral na kapaligiran ay medyo may problema. It is extremely important that the course syllabus explicitly outlines the evaluation criteria for each assignment whether individual or group. Ito ay lubhang mahalaga na kurso ang syllabus explicitly binabalangkas ang pamantayan ng pagsusuri para sa bawat assignment kung ang mga indibidwal o grupo. Students need and want to know what is expected of them. Mag-aaral na kailangan at nais na malaman kung ano ang inaasahan sa kanila. For more information about grading, see the Evaluating Student Work section contained in this Guide. Para sa karagdagang impormasyon tungkol sa grading, makita ang Pagsuri Student Work seksyon na nakapaloob sa ito Guide.
Cooperative Learning. Cooperative Learning is a systematic pedagogical strategy that encourages small groups of students to work together for the achievement of a common goal. Cooperative Learning. Cooperative Learning ay isang sistematikong paturo diskarte na naghihikayat sa mga maliliit na grupo ng mga mag-aaral na sama para sa mga nakakamit ng isang pangkaraniwang layunin. The term 'Collaborative Learning' is often used as a synonym for cooperative learning when, in fact, it is a separate strategy that encompasses a broader range of group interactions such as developing learning communities, stimulating student/faculty discussions, and encouraging electronic exchanges (Bruffee, 1993). 'Learning Tulungang' Ang kataga ay kadalasang ginagamit bilang isang singkahulugan para sa mga kooperatiba sa pag-aaral kapag, sa katunayan, ito ay isang hiwalay na diskarte na sumasaklaw ng isang mas malawak na hanay ng mga pakikipag-ugnayan ng grupo tulad ng pagbuo ng pag-aaral ng mga komunidad, stimulating student / faculty talakayan, at naghihikayat sa mga palitan ng electronic ( Bruffee, 1993). Both approaches stress the importance of faculty and student involvement in the learning process. Parehong pamamaraang stress ang kahalagahan ng mga guro at mag-aaral paglahok sa proseso ng pag-aaral.
When integrating cooperative or collaborative learning strategies into a course, careful planning and preparation are essential. Kapag ang pagsasama ng mga kooperatiba o collaborative estratehiya aaral sa isang kurso, maingat na pagpaplano at paghahanda ay mahalaga. Understanding how to form groups, ensure positive interdependence, maintain individual accountability, resolve group conflict, develop appropriate assignments and grading criteria, and manage active learning environments are critical to the achievement of a successful cooperative learning experience. Pag-unawa sa kung paano sa form ng mga grupo, masiguro ang positibong pagtutulungan, panatilihin ang mga indibidwal na pananagutan, malutas group conflict, bumuo ng angkop na takdang-aralin at grading criteria, at pamahalaan ang aktibong pag-aaral na kapaligiran ay kritikal sa mga nakakamit ng isang matagumpay na kooperatiba aaral ng karanasan. Before you begin, you may want to consult several helpful resources which are contained in Appendix N. In addition, the Program in Support of Teaching and Learning can provide faculty with supplementary information and helpful techniques for using cooperative learning or collaborative learning in college classrooms. Bago ka magsimula, maaaring nais na kumunsulta sa ilang mga helpful mapagkukunan na nakapaloob sa Appendix N. Sa karagdagan, ang Program sa Suporta ng Pagtuturo at Learning ay maaaring magbigay ng mga guro sa karagdagang impormasyon at matulungin na mga pamamaraan para sa paggamit ng kooperatiba sa pag-aaral o collaborative pag-aaral sa classrooms sa kolehiyo.
Integrating Technology. Today, educators realize that computer literacy is an important part of a student's education. Pagsasama ng Teknolohiya. Ngayon, educators mapagtanto na ang computer literacy ay isang mahalagang bahagi ng mag-aaral sa edukasyon ng isang. Integrating technology into a course curriculum when appropriate is proving to be valuable for enhancing and extending the learning experience for faculty and students. Pagsasama ng teknolohiya sa isang kurso kurikulum kapag nararapat ay proving na maging mahalaga para sa pagpapahusay at pagpapalawak ng pag-aaral ng karanasan para sa mga guro at mga mag-aaral. Many faculty have found electronic mail to be a useful way to promote student/student or faculty/student communication between class meetings. Maraming mga guro ay may natagpuan ng electronic mail na maging isang kapaki-pakinabang na paraan upang magsulong ng estudyante / mag-aaral o guro / mag-aaral na komunikasyon sa pagitan ng mga klase sa mga pulong. Others use listserves or on-line notes to extend topic discussions and explore critical issues with students and colleagues, or discipline- specific software to increase student understanding of difficult concepts. Iba gamitin listserves o on-line mga tala upang mapalawak ang talakayan ng paksa at galugarin ang mga kritikal na isyu na may mga mag-aaral at kasamahan, o disiplina-tiyak na software upang madagdagan ang mag-aaral unawa ng mahirap na concepts.
Currently, our students come to us with varying degrees of computer literacy. Sa kasalukuyan, ang aming mga mag-aaral dumating sa amin na may iba't ibang degree ng computer literacy. Faculty who use technology regularly often find it necessary to provide some basic skill level instruction during the first week of class. Faculty na gumagamit ng teknolohiya regular madalas mapulot ito kailangan upang magbigay ng ilang mga pangunahing kasanayan na antas ng pagtuturo sa panahon ng unang linggo ng klase. In the future, we expect that need to decline. Sa hinaharap, inaasahan namin na kailangan upang tanggihan. For help in integrating technology into a course curriculum contact the Program in Support of Teaching and Learning or the Instructional Development Office (IDO) at 703-993-3141. Para sa tulong sa pagsasama ng teknolohiya sa isang contact kurso kurikulum sa Programa sa Suporta ng Pagtuturo at Learning o ang pagtuturo Development Office (Ido) sa 703-993-3141. In addition, watch for information throughout the year about workshops and faculty conversations on the integration of technology, teaching and learning. Sa karagdagan, watch para sa impormasyon sa buong taon tungkol sa mga workshop at mga guro na pag-uusap sa ang integration ng teknolohiya, pagtuturo at pag-aaral.
Distance Learning. Distance learning is not a new concept. Distance Learning. Distance pag-aaral ay hindi isang bagong konsepto. We have all experienced learning outside of a structured classroom setting through television, correspondence courses, etc. Distance learning or distance education as a teaching pedagogy, however, is an important topic of discussion on college campuses today. lahat kami ay nakaranas ng pag-aaral sa labas ng isang balangkas na silid-aralan na setting sa pamamagitan ng telebisyon, mga liham na kurso, atbp Distance pag-aaral o distance edukasyon bilang isang sining ng pagtuturo pagtuturo, gayunpaman, ay isang mahalagang paksa ng diskusyon sa mga eskwelahan sa kolehiyo ngayon. Distance learning is defined as 'any form of teaching and learning in which the teacher and learner are not in the same place at the same time' (Gilbert, 1995). Distance pag-aaral ay tinukoy bilang 'anumang paraan ng pagtuturo at pag-aaral kung saan ang mga guro at mga mag-aaral ay hindi sa parehong lugar sa parehong oras' (Gilbert, 1995).
Obviously, information technology has broadened our concept of the learning environment. Malinaw, ang impormasyon na teknolohiya ay may broadened ang aming mga konsepto ng pag-aaral na kapaligiran. It has made it possible for learning experiences to be extended beyond the confines of the traditional classroom. Ito ay ginawa ito posible para sa pag-aaral na karanasan upang patagalin sa kabila ng paligid ng mga tradisyonal na silid-aralan. Distance learning technologies take many forms such as computer simulations, interactive collaboration/discussion, and the creation of virtual learning environments connecting regions or nations. Distance pag-aaral teknolohiya kumuha ng maraming mga form tulad ng mga computer simulations, interactive pakikipagtulungan / discussion, at ang pagbuo ng mga virtual kapaligiran aaral pagkonekta rehiyon o bansa. Components of distance learning such as email, listserves, and interactive software have also been useful additions to the educational setting. Components ng distance pag-aaral tulad ng email, listserves, at mga interactive na software may din ay kapaki-pakinabang na karagdagan sa mga pang-edukasyon.
For more information about distance learning contact the Instructional Development Office at 703-993-3141 (Fairfax Campus) and watch for workshops and faculty discussions on the topic throughout the year. Para sa karagdagang impormasyon tungkol sa distansiya sa pag-aaral kontakin ang pagtuturo Development Office sa 703-993-3141 (Fairfax Campus) at panonoorin para sa mga workshop at faculty talakayan sa mga paksa sa buong taon.

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Wednesday, February 2, 2011

training styles and strategies, effective classroom management, rubrics for case analysis/presentation


Teaching styles and approaches
Experienced teachers plan a variety of teaching approaches to take account of the different ways in which children learn. For example:
  • children with learning difficulties or those on the autistic spectrum might need tasks that are relatively closed – that is, where the task is structured for them and they do not have to invent their own ways of going about it
  • more-able children might need tasks that are more open-ended or extended in time
  • English as an additional language (EAL) learners may benefit from visual approaches.
Your teaching approaches
Some general questions for teachers to ask themselves about their use of different teaching approaches might be as follows.
Do I plan for and use:
  • multi-sensory teaching approaches (visual, verbal, kinaesthetic)
  • interactive strategies, e.g. pupils having cards to hold up, or their own whiteboards, or coming to the front to take a role
  • visual and tangible aids, e.g. story sacks, real objects, signs or symbols, photographs, pegs on a coat hanger, a variety of number lines, counting sticks, computer animations
  • ways of making abstract concepts concrete, e.g. word problems in mathematics turned into pictures or acted out or modelled with resources
  • tasks that are simplified or extended, e.g. short, concrete text used by one group and long, abstract text by another, numbers to 100 by one group or to 20 by another
  • tasks made more open or more closed according to children's needs
  • a variety of pupil groupings so that children are able to draw on each other's strengths and skills? 

     
    Top 10 Tips for Classroom Discipline and Management
    Classroom discipline and management causes the most fear and consternation in new teachers. However, classroom management is a skill that is not only learned but practiced daily. Here are ten tips that can lead to successful classroom management and discipline. These tips can help you cut down on discipline problems and leave you with fewer interruptions and disruptions.
    1. It's Easier to Get Easier
    Many teachers make the mistake of starting the school year with a poor discipline plan. Students quickly assess the situation in each class and realize what they will be allowed to get away with. Once you set a precedent of allowing a lot of disruptions, it can be very hard to start better classroom management and discipline techniques. However, it is never tough to get easier as the year goes on. While you don't have to follow the adage, "Never smile until Christmas," it does have its merits.
    Students have a distinct sense of what is and what is not fair. You must act fairly for all students if you expect to be respected. If you do not treat all students equitably, you will be labelled as unfair students will not be keen to follow your rules. Make sure that if your best student does something wrong, they too get punished for it.
    3. Deal with Disruptions with as Little Interruption as Possible
    When you have classroom disruptions, it is imperative that you deal with them immediately and with as little interruption of your class momentum as possible. If students are talking amongst themselves and you are having a classroom discussion, ask one of them a question to try to get them back on track. If you have to stop the flow of your lesson to deal with disruptions, then you are robbing students who want to learn of their precious in-class time.
    Whenever there is a confrontation in class there is a winner and a loser. Obviously as the teacher, you need to keep order and discipline in your class. However, it is much better to deal with discipline issues privately than cause a student to 'lose face' in front of their friends. It is not a good idea to make an example out of a disciplinary issue. Even though other students might get the point, you might have lost any chance of actually teaching that student anything in your class.
    Sometimes all it takes is for everyone to have a good laugh to get things back on track in a classroom. Many times, however, teachers confuse good humor with sarcasm. While humor can quickly diffuse a situation, sarcasm may harm your relationship with the students involved. Use your best judgment but realize that what some people think as funny others find to be offensive.
    Expect that your students will behave, not that they will disrupt. Reinforce this with the way you speak to your students. When you begin the day, tell your students your expectations. For example, you might say, "During this whole group session, I expect you to raise your hands and be recognized before you start speaking. I also expect you to respect each other's opinions and listen to what each person has to say."
    Free time is something teachers should avoid. By allowing students time just to talk each day, you are setting a precedent about how you view academics and your subject. To avoid this, overplan. When you have too much to cover, you'll never run out of lessons and you will avoid free time. You can also fill up any left over time with mini-lessons.
    One of the worst things you can do as a teacher is to not enforce your rules consistently. If one day you ignore misbehaviors and the next day you jump on someone for the smallest infraction, your students will quickly lose respect for you. Your students have the right to expect you to basically be the same everyday. Moodiness is not allowed. Once your lose your student's respect, you also lose their attention and their desire to please you.
    9. Make Rules Understandable
    You need to be selective in your class rules (no one can follow 180 rules consistently). You also need to make them clear. Students should understand what is and what is not acceptable. Further, you should make sure that the consequences for breaking your rules are also clear and known beforehand.
    10. Start Fresh Everyday
    This tip does not mean that you discount all previous infractions, i.e. if they have three tardies then today means four. However, it does mean that you should start teaching your class each day with the expectation that students will behave. Don't assume that because Julie has disrupted your class everyday for a week, she will disrupt it today. By doing this, you will not be treating Julie any differently and thereby setting her up to disrupt again (like a self-fulfilling prophecy). Read a personal example of this with my best teaching experience.


    Rubric for Case Notes Exercises



    I. Situation Analysis

    A. Industry

    1. Does not specify any key facts about the industry
    2. Provides only cursory information about the industry
    3. Offers some industry information but omits some important facts
    4. Provides a comprehensive enumeration of the relevant facts pertaining to the industry

    B. Company
    Does not provide any facts about the company
    Provides only a few facts about the company and some are irrelevant
    Offers relevant information but it is incomplete
    Gives a detailed listing of the key facts about the company

    C. Trends
    Does not offer any information about relevant trends
    Provides an incomplete list of relevant trends
    Gives a list of trends but omits some important facts
    All important facts about trends relevant to the case are given

    II. Problem Definition

    The problem definition is omitted
    The problem in the case is misidentified
    A problem is specified but it is incomplete
    The problem definition is accurately and completely defined

    III. Alternatives

    A. Identification of Relevant Alternatives

    Alternative courses of action are not provided
    Alternatives are offered but they are not the correct alternatives
    Alternatives are provided but relevant options are omitted
    A complete listing of the alternatives is provided

    B. Analysis of Each Relevant Alternatives

    Alternatives are not evaluated
    Alternatives are evaluated but the dimensions identified are unimportant
    Alternatives are evaluated on most but not all critical dimensions
    Alternatives are comprehensively examined on all critical dimensions

    IV. Recommendation

    A. Recommendation Statement

    No recommendation is offered
    A recommendation is made but it addresses the wrong problem
    A recommendation is given but it inadequately addresses the case problem
    A recommendation is made and it fully addresses the relevant problem

    B. Recommendation Arguments, Backup and Support
    Arguments supporting the recommendation are omitted
    Arguments in support of the recommendation are irrelevant
    Arguments in support of the recommendation are incomplete
    The arguments provided do an excellent job providing a clear rationale

    V.Appendices
    A. Quantitative Analysis

    Offers no calculations or computations relevant to the case
    Provides calculations but they are not clear because they are poorly labeled
    Offers some computations relevant to the case but the analysis is incomplete
    Offers a clear set of quantitative analyses that are well explained and labeled

    B. Qualitative Analysis

    Offers no qualitative analysis supporting their evaluation of the alternatives
    Offers some qualitative analysis but it is not very relevant
    Provides qualitative analysis that is relevant and clear but incomplete
    Provides qualitative analysis that is relevant and clear.